Overview and Evaluation of the Smart Grid

Diagram and Evaluation of the Smart Grid The Smart Grid, Smart City Program was ostensibly one of the most extensive extending innovation evaluations of brilliant matrix items on the planet. It saw: The organization and testing of a few shrewd in-framework and client focussed innovation groupings over the Ausgrid system and EnergyAustralia retail business in New South Wales Examined the effects and advantages of extra disseminated age and conveyed stockpiling arrangements Involved around 17,000 power clients in buyer focussed preliminaries analyzing how private clients could add to top interest the board through conduct changes The Smart Grid, Smart City Program concentrated on private clients, as they speak to the biggest client bunch in Australia, and for the most part have more carefulness over when and how much vitality they use. Little was known before the Smart Grid, Smart City preliminaries about how clients saw, or how they may react to, the open doors that savvy matrix advancements offer. Most private power clients in Australia are as of now gave constrained data and not many motivations and devices to deal with their household power use. A quarterly power bill is the primary wellspring of client criticism, and this solitary shows the aggregate sum of vitality utilized during the past a quarter of a year, restricting the chances to efficiently change conduct so as to set aside power and cash. In view of the preliminaries embraced, this last Smart Grid, Smart City report, Shaping Australias Energy Future: National Cost Benefit Assessment found the potential for a net financial advantage of up to $28 billion ($2014) throughout the following 20 years from the organization of savvy network advancements in Australia. This report exhibits that there are four key perspectives to understanding these advantages and improving customer evaluating results: Technological turn of events and organization of empowering (savvy network) innovations The presentation of cost intelligent power estimating includin g dynamic levies Consumer conduct change concerning power utilization (to all the more likely deal with any future development in top interest) Energy showcase reform4 (numerous parts of which are as of now in progress) Realizing the potential advantages requires an incorporated arrangement on the off chance that any one angle isn't actualized, at that point the degree of net national financial advantages accessible will be diminished. An enormous extent of the net advantages recognized can be gotten from the monetary sending of various in-matrix advancements which improve operational productivity, decrease capital speculation (through better overseeing top interest) and convey improved unwavering quality for purchasers at a lower cost. There are huge contrasts across Australias power lattice, from exceptionally populated rural zones to scantily populated rustic zones, and distinctive keen framework innovations are more qualified in various conditions. For those Australians living i n rural territories, there are noteworthy possible advantages from sure in-framework advancements. In like manner, for less thickly populated rustic systems, there are elective in-matrix innovations which can help with improving the dependability and cost of dealing with the lattice. Brilliant framework can essentially be characterized as the arrangement of Information innovation and furthermore correspondence innovation with the point of improving the manner in which power is created, shipped, disseminated and put away. Across Australia, the dissemination and the retail esteem tie components essentially makes up the brilliant framework. In any case, the effect likewise cut across how power is created and transmitted. In this report, the brilliant network shrewd city program which was supported by the Australian Government will be inspected. The shrewd matrix study concentrated principally on private dissemination organize and furthermore with the presentation of a server farm for data preparing. Shrewd lattice innovation discover application in a few purposes which can be assembled into client side application, key empowering application, framework side application, renewables, disseminated vitality and electric vehicles, information assortment, preparing and ba ck-office. A few coherent layers can likewise be utilized to speak to every one of the applications which could be customary force frameworks hardware, interchanges arrange, figuring capacity, and furthermore keen lattice application layer. The Smart Grid Smart City (SGSC) program is one of the biggest savvy lattice extends on the planet. It was declared in 2009 by the Australian government with the point of actualizing shrewd network innovation at an enormous scope in accordance with the National Energy Efficiency Initiative (NEEI). It happen to be the main enormous scope savvy lattice venture in Australia which was executed by Ausgrid and its accomplices. The venture was planned for exhibiting the significance of the sending of keen network innovation in business scale, building both open and corporate familiarity with the financial and ecological advantages of shrewd matrices, assembling a detailed information with the point of educating more extensive industry usage regarding th e different utilizations of brilliant matrix across Australia, and furthermore to research the association with other existing framework. Such a significant number of preliminaries were analyzed in the program which incorporates the arrangement of shrewd meter foundation, conveyed age and appropriated stockpiling, and furthermore the use of electric vehicles in the Australias power dispersion organize. Such a significant number of preliminaries were conveyed in the program. Some portion of the preliminaries that is important to me is the sending of the brilliant meter framework. This preliminary involves the establishment of keen meter at different private structures. The different parts that make up the savvy meter foundation are the correspondence innovations for data move to and from the brilliant meters correspondence unit, the meter the board framework, home-office operational frameworks. (Vitality Australia, Sydney Water and different accomplices) and furthermore the client pr ocurement application. With the sending of savvy meter, information for power use, stockpiling and conveyance were acquired for taking an interest family. Another entrancing piece of the Smart Grid Smart City program is the appropriated age and conveyed stockpiling work stream which was started with the point of giving basic information and data to help comprehend the ramifications of more prominent infiltration of the mix of dispersed stockpiling and age related to other keen matrix advances. Notwithstanding the previously mentioned, the electric vehicles venture is likewise a piece of the Smart Grid Smart City program I discover intriguing and it was planned for understanding the expected effect of the use of electric vehicles in Australias power dissemination arrange.

THE IMPORTANCE OF NUTRITION FOR A HEALTHY LIFE STYLE Essay

THE IMPORTANCE OF NUTRITION FOR A HEALTHY LIFE STYLE - Essay Example Some cut back on the proteins, while others lessen the admission of starches in specific extents. However, as indicated by the most recent investigation distributed in The New England Journal of Medicine, the examination of various eating regimens shows that they are not just exceptionally troublesome, their preferences buds are as of now invulnerable to an example in which they can't avoid cheddar burger, added substances, pizza, candy or soft drink for extremely long, yet additionally not effective as a rule (Parker, 2008). Consequently disappointment of weight reduction because of such eating regimens persuades that its it their deficiency they are overweight and henceforth has further negative impacts on their way of life, for instance loss of self-assurance. The response to such pessimistic impacts isn't consumes less calories yet rather a sound way of life which may not cause one thin yet an individual to can appreciate a decent solid life. In assessment an extra bit of leeway of having wholesome food over undesirable food is that not just the utilization turns out to be less (since we won't eat bundles and parcels of Doritos), yet additionally more affordable (natural food) and makes our way of life fit, our bodies more grounded and brings down our wellbeing cost since we would be required to invest a lot of energy in the specialist's office or the clinic.

Is Making Money From Baccarat Online True

Is Making Money From Baccarat Online True Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Is Making Money From Baccarat Online True?Updated On 26/11/2019Author : Ram kumarTopic : Make MoneyShort URL : https://hbb.me/2XMcwH1 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogMaking money from Baccarat Online is probably the most searched keyword on Google recently. However, whether the information on the Internet is reliable?Today, let us analyze what is hidden behind the Baccarat enrichment story.What is Baccarat Online?  Lets talk a little about this game, and this is the name of the card game quite popular at the Casino, along with the development of technology in recent times. Instead of going hundreds of kilometers to the Casino, you need to sit at home with an internet-connected device.If you search for information about Baccarat on the Internet at this time, surely you will get many results: Get rich from playing Baccarat Online, Making tens of millions with Baccarat O nline, or something like that.However, the above must be entirely accurate. Lets find out a little bit.Is getting rich from Baccarat true?First, lets take a look at the Bookmaker issue. Why do we have to consider the Bookmaker? Because they are the creator of this playground for you.Instead of being held at the Casino, they will combine devices to connect with players via the Internet. Even so, the playing style has not changed; the dealer will still do his job. And as you can see, ten people to Casino have 7 to 8 losers. Thats how the Casino benefits and maintains its operations. So whether you are confident that you will win the Bookmaker?With such a tremendous amount of information on the Internet today, it can be said that no one will thoroughly verify them. However, we can also speculate as follows: If a person earns a lot of money, will they share it with everyone. Thus, we can remove the results that are too unrealistic. Because of the way to get rich is widely shared, there will be no poor people.READMonetize Your Website Links Using MageNetBut the question is, if not, why would anyone play Baccarat Online? In fact, in my opinion, instead of saying Get rich we can use the word make money.Make money from playing Baccarat OnlinePerhaps this is what Baccarat card players are all about. But to attract players, the Bookmaker has exaggerated too.In fact, many people equate the meaning of make money and get rich. You should know that making money and getting rich is not the same. The Bookmaker fully utilizes the element of greed in manipulating players.However, it must be admitted that there were many lucky and wealthy people from the Casino. But that number is certainly not much. So, instead of hoping to get rich, you can play Baccarat online for fun. For those who have free time, it is possible to seek a little bit of income. Online Baccarat NJ is no exception, according to statistics in the past year. The number of players who win the most money is middle- aged people. This is surprising because the average age of playing Baccarat Online is quite low. The researchers point out that at this age, they have time and often play quite carefully compared to young people.In conclusion, Baccarat is a game that requires alertness and meticulousness from the player. If youre new, the advice for you is to take the time to find out.

The Epic Father-Son Battle Phillip Ii Versus Alexander...

The Epic Father-Son Battle: Phillip II versus Alexander the Great Chris L. Word Count: 1595 During the times of ancient Greece, perhaps one of the most influential and known powers was Macedonia. Macedonia’s empire existed from the 800s BC to 146 BC and is principally known for the accomplishments of it’s leaders: Phillip II and his son, Alexander the Great. Phillip II worked internally in the regions near Greece strengthening his country, while Alexander operated very far from Greece, conquering much of the known world. Both of these leaders are two very different people, which makes them hard to compare, but a question arises; to what extent was Alexander greater than Phillip II? The purpose of this essay is to examine both leaders’†¦show more content†¦He quickly created alliances and subdued anyone who opposed him. He strengthened loyalties by taking various actions such as marrying Olympia and he conquered what he saw would be beneficial for his empire. For example, he conquered the Athenian colony of Amphipolis in Thrace (357 BC), which historians see as a key move as it gave him possession to the gold mines of Mount Pangaeus, which financed his empire and Alexander’s military later on. He also conquered Potidea in Chalidice, Pynda on the Thermaic Gulf and Crenides in Thrace. With all these places under his control, he earned a seat in the Delphic council. When Thebes and Athens rebelled against him in 338 BC, at the battle of Chaeronea, he defeated them, securing his rule and thus uniting the country. Unlike Alexander, Phillip started out threatened to lose control of his country, but then he united it and gained power. Overall this is a key move that distinguishes Phillip II from Alexander. The reason Alexander would be considered greater than Phillip II is because he was able to defeat the Persian Empire and then conquered most of the known world, which Phillip failed to achieve. Alexander truly had a profound impact on history as stated by Tomas R. Martin, an American historian: â€Å"Alexander is a legend, but he’s not a myth. He’s real. What he did – for better or for worse – shows in the starkest and most exciting terms the lack of

Analysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare - 1575 Words

Disloyalty, Discrimination, and Departure Have you ever felt discriminated against due to your race? In Othello by William Shakespeare the theme of race is evident through out the play and is a very critical aspect towards the plot. Since Othello has a strong sense of self he is able to counter-balance the overt racism he is faced with in the beginning because he is respected and has high stature as a war general. Him and his wife lived happily without worrying what others thought of their bi-racial marriage. But, when Othello hears rumors of his wife’s possible infidelity he is soon over-whelmed with feelings of self-consciousness. These substandard feelings due to his race alter Othello’s usual self into a resentful, rage-filled, monster. People who have once respected Othello soon display racial attitudes towards him for one reason or another. Othello is first presented with racial judgment from his wife’s father Brabantio who accuses Othello of using sorcery to cast a spell on Desdemona to make her fall in love with him. Brabantio gets this idea from Iago and Roderigo who tells him that they are sleeping together â€Å"sir, you’re robbed. For shame, put on your gown! ... an old black ram Is tupping your white ewe† (I.i.88-91). Also, Iago easily gets Roderigo to take his side against Othello because Roderigo thinks Iago is going to help him win over his love Desdemona. Roderigo displays racism towards Othello because he is jealous that a man of color was able to win overShow MoreRelatedOthello Analysis : Othello By William Shakespeare1115 Words   |  5 PagesRiley Thompson Professor Grill LIT 200 2 November 2014 Othello Analysis Assignment Othello, a play that was written in 1604 by William Shakespeare, is an example of a type of story called a â€Å"tragedy.† Throughout the course of the work, Othello proves himself to be very easily misled, despite his heroic status. This causes him to lose his ability to make good judgments and decisions. Even though Othello had a reputation as a hero, he ends up being one of the most gullible characters in the play whenRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare Essay2413 Words   |  10 Pagesprocess, such as a process known as Classical Conditioning. Mind manipulation has been presented by villains throughout movies, novels, and even plays. The play Othello, written around 1603 by William Shakespeare, with the villain character Iago, is characterized as a jealous, hubris, sinister, crafty, and manipulative being. William Shakespeare has managed to write a tragic play where he used Iago’s malicious words to provide early Classical Conditioning, to cloud Ot hello’s mind of critical thoughtsRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1579 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscriminated against due to your race? In Othello by William Shakespeare the theme of race is evident through out the play and is a very critical aspect towards the plot. Since Othello has a strong sense of self he is able to counter-balance the overt racism he is faced with in the beginning because he is respected and has high stature as a war general. Him and his wife lived happily without worrying what others thought of their bi-racial marriage. But, when Othello hears rumors of his wife’s possibleRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1436 Words   |  6 PagesRasheed Patrick Ms. Milliner EES21QH-01 01/17/17 Final Paper In Othello every character has their own personalities that makes them the person they are. In Othello there are characters that show true grit, a fixed mindset, and a growth mindset. Each characters are different which makes the book even more interesting. True grit means to endure and push through to do something better no matter what it takes. An example of grit is studying for a long period of time for a test and enduring the amountRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1240 Words   |  5 PagesRationale In Part Four of the course, Critical Study, we studied Shakespeare’s tragedy, Othello. This is a play that comprises of enduring themes of love, betrayal, jealousy, appearance versus reality, racism, and revenge. I chose to write a diary for this play because we are only presented with the facade of these characters. Throughout the play, the audience is left to wonder what goes on behind the scenes. And the only way to achieve this is to put ourselves in their shoes in order to experienceRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare865 Words   |  4 PagesHandkerchief William Shakespeare is a famous writer had written lot of poetry, stories, dramas etc. In his drama, he usually has a sad ending. He introduces a clue that diverts a character’s mind and thought. One of his plays named â€Å"Othello† he introduces a handkerchief as a clue that had diverted different characters’ thoughts. That handkerchief changed from a love token into a source of suspicion in Othello’s mind. In this story, main character named Othello, who gave that handkerchief to his wifeRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1505 Words   |  7 PagesQuanisha Taylor Dr. Traylor English 1102 16 November 2015 Sadistic Motives In William Shakespeare’s play Othello Iago has the ability to charm and convince people of his loyalty and honesty. Iago immediately introduced his malicious desire for revenge, but he had no proven reason for his actions. Throughout the play Iago devises a devious plan to convince the other characters of his cunning contrivance. Iago treats others as the fool with no intentions of caring about their feelings. Behind hisRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1090 Words   |  5 Pagesyears, women have been seen as inferior and weaker than men, while men are seen as superior and stronger than women. However, the word strong doesn t measure their physical strength, but by their strength to ignore societies standards. Othello by William Shakespeare takes place during the late 16th century a time in which women didn’t have a voice and were expected to be obedient and chaste. Although this was the case for many women, Emilia is a strong character because she stood up for what she believedRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1378 Words   |  6 PagesEES21GH-02 01/20/17 Final paper Throughout the play Othello by William Shakespeare, we sit in on the life of an African American military commander, or Moor, who was deceived by a jealous under officer named Iago. Iago’s only motive for deceiving the Moor was animosity because Othello did not promote him to Lieutenant. With the help of a passive man named Roderigo, Iago was able to convince Othello that his wife had cheated on him with the man Othello did promote to Lieutenant, named Cassio. After convincingRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare Essay1606 Words   |  7 PagesThe theme of power is explored in various ways throughout ‘Othello’, Shakespeare uses the vulnerability of characters’ flaws to allow power shifts to occur through manipulation. The Elizabethan value consensus highlights the difference in gender roles, with societal expectations being defined by the divine order. The limitations of social mobility provide a strong platform for the theme of power to b e embedded upon, with characters such as Desdemona and Emilia representing the struggle that women

The Washington County School District Essay - 1238 Words

The Washington County School District organizational strategies that are in place for teachers has increased academic student growth in my classes. Throughout year, I participate in professional development activities that enhance my teaching skills and increase student learning. During the summer, I collaborate with district data analysis and colleagues to disaggregate student data, correctly identify the lowest benchmarks that students scored based on FSA performance and Washington County School District Progress Monitoring Program (three assessments from the previous year). After which, we develop an Order of Instruction† for content areas based on data from various student measures that have been assimilated throughout the school year. In addition, vertical/grade level teams meet during preplanning to gather resources and we organize materials by units, critique online resources to incorporate new technology into daily lesson objectives. Prior to students entering my classroom on the first day, I review my class roster in FOCUS and print out all student IEP s and 504 s. I incorporate this student data into my data notebook. As a team, we meet weekly to design lesson plans, create informal/formal assessments, and collaborate with another to ensure that standards-based instruction is being implemented in the classroom. Once students have started the new school year and the have completed their baseline assessments, I meet with colleagues, data analysis andShow MoreRelatedThe Washington County School District Organizational Strategies Essay1229 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion 1: The Washington County School District organizational strategies in place for teachers has increased academic student growth in my classes. T hroughout the year, I participate in professional development activities that enhance my teaching skills and increase student learning. 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Young was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania on August 24th, 1972 by Bruce and Nancy Young. In 1990, Young graduated from Carmel High School in Carmel, IN. Immediately after graduating high school, Todd enlisted in the United States Navy. Five years later in 1995 Todd graduated and later accepted a commission from the United Stat es Marine Corps. Meanwhile, Todd was also attending the University of Chicago in ChicagoRead MoreIndianas S District Is Represented By Republican Todd1058 Words   |  5 PagesIndiana’s 9th district is represented by Republican Todd Young since January 5th, 2011. Young was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania on August 24th, 1972 by Bruce and Nancy Young. In 1990, Young graduated from Carmel High School in Carmel, IN. Immediately after graduating high school, Todd enlisted in the United States Navy. Five years later in 1995 Todd graduated and later accepted a contract from the United States Marine Corps. Meanwhile, Todd was also attending the University of Chicago in ChicagoRead MoreThe Inner Workings of Congress1018 Words   |  4 PagesThe inter workings of Congress have been studied extensively by Richard Fenno and David R. Mayhew. Mayhew’s study of Congress took place in Washington, while Richard Fenno conducted his research by following politicians within their congr essional district. Mayhew attributes three primary goals to congressmen- getting reelected, achieving influence within Congress and making â€Å"good Policy†. Fenno also attributes three basic goals, having influence inside the House than other congressmen. Second, helpingRead MoreThe Washington Metro Transit Authority1124 Words   |  5 Pages It is against this segregated backdrop that many of the District’s transportation initiatives began. In its 2002 Transit Development Study, the Washington Metro Transit Authority (WMATA) cited several reasons for its focus on transit improvements. Among these reasons was the recognition that the District was growing but not equally in all areas (WMATA, 2002). Its list of â€Å"Promising Transit Routes† included routes extending from areas of traditionally higher-income per household and lower unemploymentRead MoreMy High School Of Business Administration974 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout my entire high school life I have always chosen different career choices. At a time I wanted to be a lawyer, physical therapist, pharmacist, and an athletic trainer. I didn’t choose any of them either because it too many years in school to complete or centered on a subject that wasn’t my strong suit. I chose to major in Business Administration with a concentration in fin ances because I always imaged myself in an office setting holding a high position especially as a young women. OnceRead MoreThe Democratic Party And The Republican Party1607 Words   |  7 Pagesin the 1990s, the Virginia education system experienced a decrease in funding. According to the Washington Post, in 2001, only fifty-five percent of funding was committed from the state of Virginia to education expenses. This percentage was calculated based on a formula that analyzes local incomes, retail sales, and a property value to show funding for each district. For the less wealthy school districts, their budget is based mostly off of the funding they receive from the state of Virginia. HoweverRead MoreThe Columbine Influence: How a School Shooting Affected a Nation1494 Words   |  6 PagesThe Columbine massacre was one of the deadliest school shootings in U.S. history. On April 20, 1999, high school seniors Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold shot and killed 12 students, one teacher, and themselves. Twenty-five students were also injured, some very critically. While there had been many school s hootings in America prior to this, the young age of the shooters, the number of victims, and the randomness of the people they killed shocked the nation. It has been 14 years since this tragedy andRead MoreEnglish Language Learners1162 Words   |  5 Pagesincreased over the past three school years. Data pulled from Performance Matters shows that 13% or 46 students taking the Algebra 1 End of Course exam are ELL students (Performance Matters, 2017). Figure 4 shows that students without disabilities outperform students with disabilities. In addition, data from the Florida Department of Education EdStats page shows not one student with a disability was proficient on the Algebra 1 End of Course Exam for the 2016-2017 school year. This is a very important

A Synopsis of the Ethics of Confucianism Essay Example For Students

A Synopsis of the Ethics of Confucianism Essay A Synopsis of the Ethics of ConfucianismIn contrast to Western philosophy, Chinese thought views man as but a single, though vital part of the complexity of nature. The Chinese have aspired to attain harmony with nature as a source of spiritual satisfaction. Life is not a transitory phenomenon, but real, viewed and appreciated for its beauty and order. They, i.e. beauty and order, are esthetic entities and are to be cherished and savored in life. Man and nature are in a reciprocal relationship, thus affecting each other. Just as the forces of nature can bring bliss but also disaster, so can man upset the delicate balance by his misdeeds. Heaven (the supernatural world), Earth and man constitute a single and indivisible unity. No boundaries between the three exist. Man must do his part, by conforming to natural law. When he does so, society enjoys peace and tranquility. When he transgresses, Heaven and nature are disturbed, the intricate relationships break down, and consequently cala mities follow. The preceding is characteristic of an attitude in which Confucian ethics is embedded. The source of desire for harmony lies in prehistoric times, and gave rise to cosmology and philosophy. The Fourth Century B.C. saw the introduction of new ideas, which encompass two principles representing the two modes of primeval energy: the yang and the ying. The former is the positive and masculine, the latter is the negative and feminine. (This is a very simplistic characterization, on which I can elaborate if desired.) While such concepts are not unique in themselves, in oriental thinking however they complement one another. (In contrast to the dualism such as light and dark or good and evil, in Zoroastrianism for example, in which the forces of light and dark contend.) How does one explain the harmony between the two spheres in Chinese thinking? Tao! Its literal meaning is a way, a road, the way of nature, universal law. When integrated, the two (yang and yin) transcend their uniqueness or separateness and become the Universal. When resigning ones will, harmony, peace and enlightenment are found. Elaborated by a succession of scholars and sages, the way of Tao became Taoism. Confucianism is something of a derivative. As a matter of fact, Confucius insisted on close adherence to Tao. However, he was pragmatic and concerned with the existential problems of man, hence he deals less with generalities and more with the practical matters of daily and personal relationships. The essence of his system of relationships is fivefold, and fundamental to his social order: ruler and subject; father and son; husband and wife; older brother and younger brother; older friend and younger friend. The ideal of conduct, ordering all human relationships and resulting in an ideal social structure and harmony is: li. A famous Confucian maxim is: Never do to others, what you would not like them to do to you. (Golden Rule ?) His disciples later on developed ten attitudes that are to govern the five relationships: love in father and filial piety in the son; gentility in the oldest brother and humility and respect in the younger; righteous behavior in the husband and obedience in the wife; humane consideration in elders and deference in juniors; benevolence in rulers and loyalty in subjects. Confucius did not claim to be the originator of this philosophical/ethical code. Some of the ideas he claims to have derived from classical writings, but he codified them and illuminated them with his own insights and principles. Thus developed one the great and most durable ethical and social edifices in recorded time. It shaped Chinese thought and character. Confucius was born into an aristocratic but poor family in Shantung province in 551 B.C. His family name was Kung. Confucius is a Jesuit Latinization of his name. He spent most of his life as a teacher, moving from state to state. Although he himself wrote little (his followers recorded his ideas) he is credited wit h building a system of ethics by which China has subsequently lived. He died in 479 B.C. Although he disclaimed any credit for founding a faith, he was venerated by successive dynasties as a sage. Even shrines were erected in his honor, and offerings were brought. The heart of Confucian teachings is found in the Analects, the Confucian bible. They are precepts that are applicable to daily living, but the book also contains a good deal of relevant and interesting information on the life of Confucius. For example: regarding the possiblity of meeting a faultless man, he said: A faultless man I cannot ever hope to meet; the most I can hope for is to meet a man of fixed principles. Yet where all around I see Nothing pretending to be Something, and Emptiness pretending to be Fullness, and Penury pretending to be Affluence, even a man of fixed principles will be hard to find. The short maxims and proverbs that constitute the core of Confucianism are all attributed to the Master. The range of topics is wide, f.ex. Ritual and Sacrifice; The Individual Path; Goodness; Aesthetics; Government and A Gentlemans Conduct. A few excerpts and paraphrases follow: 1. Just as lavishness leads easily to presumption, so does frugality to meanness. But meanness is a far less serious fault than presumption. 2. Is courage to be prized by a gentleman? A gentleman gives the first place to Right. If a gentleman has courage but neglects Right, he becomes turbulent. If a small man has courage but neglects Right, he becomes a thief. 3. It is Goodness that gives to a neighborhood its beauty. Imperturbable, resolute, tree-like, slow to speak such a one is near to Goodness. Neither the scholar who has truly the heart of a scholar nor the man of good stock who ;has the qualities that belong to good stock, will ever seek life at the expense of Goodness, and it may be that he has to give his life in order to achieve Goodness. 4. There are three things that a gentleman fears: he fears the will of Heaven, he fears great men, he fears the words of the Divine Sages. The small man does not know the will of Heaven and so does not fear it. He treats great men with contempt, and he scoffs at the words of the Divine Sages. 5. Wealth and rank are what every man desires, but if they can only be retained to the detriment of the Way he professes, he must relinquish them. Poverty and obscurity are what every man detests, but if they can only be avoided to the detriment of the Way he professes, he must accept them. Never for a moment does a gentleman quit the way of Goodness. He is never so harried but that he cleaves to this; never so tottering but that he cleaves to this. Will the Confucian ethic survive Marxist-Chinese Communism? How could a disciplined, gracious society such as China produce bands of rigid zealots bent on destroying all traces of harmony, balance and justice? Is there reason for optimism? There are those, familiar with Chinese culture, who believe that Confucianism will revive in favorable weather like a dormant seed. Business Model Innovation – State of the Art and Future Challenges for the Field Essay He spent most of his life as a teacher, moving from state to state. Although he himself wrote little (his followers recorded his ideas) he is credited with building a system of ethics by which China has subsequently lived. He died in 479 B.C. Although he disclaimed any credit for founding a faith, he was venerated by successive dynasties as a sage. Even shrines were erected in his honor, .

History of Que Corporation

The History of Chinese Chopsticks

The History of Chinese Chopsticks Chopsticks play an important role in Chinese food culture. Chopsticks are called Kuaizi in Chinese and were called Zhu in ancient times (see the characters above). Chinese people have been using kuaizi as one of the main tableware for more than 3,000 years. History of Chopsticks It was recorded in Liji (The Book of Rites) that chopsticks were used in the Shang Dynasty (1600 BC - 1100 BC). It was mentioned in Shiji (the Chinese history book) by Sima Qian (about 145 BC) that Zhou, the last king of the Shang Dynasty (around 1100 BC), used ivory chopsticks. Experts believe the history of wood or bamboo chopsticks can be dated to about 1,000 years earlier than ivory chopsticks. Bronze chopsticks were invented in the Western Zhou Dynasty (1100 BC - 771 BC). Lacquer chopsticks from the Western Han (206 BC - 24 AD) were discovered in Mawangdui, China. Gold and silver chopsticks became popular in the Tang Dynasty (618 - 907). It was believed that silver chopsticks could detect poisons in food. Materials to Make Them Chopsticks can be classified into five groups based on the materials used to make them, i.e., wood, metal, bone, stone, and compound chopsticks. Bamboo and wood chopsticks are the most popular ones used in Chinese homes. How Not to Use Your Chopsticks There are a few things to avoid when using chopsticks. Chinese people usually dont beat their bowls while eating, since the behavior used to be practiced by beggars. Also dont insert chopsticks in a bowl upright because it is a custom exclusively used in sacrifice. If you are really interested in chopsticks, you may want to visit the Kuaizi Museum in Shanghai. The museum collected over 1,000 pairs of chopsticks. The oldest one was from the Tang Dynasty.

Active lifestyles - Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Active lifestyles - - Essay Example WHO describe sedentary lifestyles as a major underlying cause of death, disease, and disability? Approximately two million deaths every year are attributable to physical inactivity. Preliminary findings from a WHO study on risk factors suggest that sedentary lifestyle is one of the ten leading causes of death and disability in the world. Physical inactivity increases all causes’ mortality, doubles the risk of cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, and obesity. It also increases the risks of colon and breast cancer, high blood pressure, lipid disorders, osteoporosis, depression and anxiety. Beginning to regularly exercise at any point throughout adulthood is likely to raise your longevity. Those individuals who had lived a sedentary lifestyle all through middle adulthood nevertheless benefited from getting in better shape even during their 70s or 80s. The earlier you make a commitment to exercise, the more you are probable to extend your life span. The earlier you start to habitually exercise, the greater the long-term advantages. Participation in invigorating activities, at least moderate in intensity, is important for maintaining your health. The types of recreational pursuits reported most commonly by the active college graduates included swimming, racquet sports, running, cycling, hiking, skiing, rowing, and yard work. Being slim does not lessen the need for regular exercise. It is certainly better to be overweight but otherwise fit than it is to be thin but inactive. Though, it is relatively rare to remain obese and not to finally develop added health problems suc h as high blood pressure or diabetes. Despite the strong evidence that physical inactivity or a sedentary lifestyle is a risk factor for coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, hypertension, and other chronic diseases, only 25% of U. K. adults in the late 1990s exercised at levels suggested to improve health, and only 10% exercised at levels intended

Contemporary Irish Films Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Contemporary Irish Films - Essay Example This drama implementation on TV has contributed to the widespread and popularity of such true-to-life documentaries appearance in cinema tends to prioritise the creative influence of the film's directors. [Pettitt, 2000] Thus, making their films the tend to deal with the topics of abuse from the past; based on true stories they have their great emotional effect on the viewers, and uncover the real sense of the traditional social political and religious establishments which rules the life of people for a long time. That's why the real historical or fictional characters, or the images of the USA President appear to perceive the reality depicted in the film in a more deeper sense. Drama has also challenged viewers' minds by imagining events that could not be countenanced by factual television. Fictional representations, therefore, have played a major role in the maintenance and reshaping of perceptions about the Troubles and to this extent they have performed a political function. [Pettitt, 2000] The reports stay that the number of screens in Ireland has increased by 68% from 192 screens to 322 screens (during the period of 1991-2001), but the number of cinemas in Ireland has reduced by 15% from 81 cinemas to 69 in the same period. As for the contemporary Irish films, Pettitt who deals with the films after the 1970s, speaks about both the great thread posed by the influence of Hollywood - dubbed 'Californication' by Oliver St. John Gogarty three-quarters of the century ago - and the need for the resources that the American films companies can supply. [Pettitt, 2000] He also points out the fact that Irish cinema, for all its independence, hews fairly closely to the Hollywood formula followed everywhere from West Los Angeles to Bombay. According to Pettitt (2000), drama since the late 1960s has explored some of the deepest fears of those embroiled in conflict, but has not only reflected the political shifts in Northern Ireland. The political, security and legal apparatus of the British establishment has been most effectively critiqued at different junctures in the drama-documentary format. There has been a line of drama that has interrogated the problematic relationship of unionism within Anglo-Irish politics and the increasingly attenuated sense of Ulster loyalism. Fictional representations, therefore, have played a major role in the maintenance and reshaping of perceptions about the Troubles and to this extent they have performed a political function. [Pettitt, 2000] According to Crosson (2003), contemporary Irish film itself reflects the failure of Irish history to excite the imagination of Ireland's youth as effectively as the seductive depictions of America's past as medicated through the Western and gangster films. So that, films made in Ireland today reflect both these genres. The Irish cinema-going experience has come from Hollywood since in independence in 1922. [Rockett, 1991; p.19] The Irish Film Board has attempted to counterpart Ireland's huge dependence on imported film by supporting films made in the country and by Irish people. However, Ireland remains a substantial net importer of images, many of them

My Grandparents Essay Example for Free

My Grandparents Essay One favorite place from my childhood that I remember fondly is my grandparents house. On one hand, its marvelous location is unforgettable to me. On the other hand, I have a lovely remembrance of all the fun activities my family and I did there. In addition, other memories include the delicious meals we enjoyed there. To begin, it had a marvelous location. My grandparents house was in Punta Cuna, one of the eastern beach cities in the Dominican Republic. The house was very near to the beach, on the top of a hill: for that reason, a fresh breeze was always blowing. It was surrounded by beautiful gardens and a huge back yard with many fruit trees on which lived a lot of birds that would delight with their trills. The view from all of the windows, which included the sea or the backyard, was marvelous. Also, my sisters and I could see the sunrise from the portal. Being a woken up by the sound of the neighbor rooster was my favorite. Not to forget the different aromas coming from the prevalent peddlers made you just want to savor all the different bouquets coming there my little pink bedroom window. In addition, my grandparents planned a lot of activities to keep us amused. We and our friends used to go to the beach every morning, and sometimes we went in the afternoons too. We played a lot of board games such as dominoes, canasta, continental and monopoly. Also, we used to play outdoors for example we did races, played hide-and-seek, and took refreshing hose showers at the backyard. My grandfather would send us out on mini scavenger hunts around the yard for different things he would hide. While we would search for them he would change them locate and then yell out â€Å" Your so freezing cold ; wrong direction† in creole, then start laugh. My grandmother would take us with her on occasion to the Marche aux Puces and we would go around and view the different Merchants who enticing fragrance would wake me up in the morning. At night we would lay under the stars in the backyard and enjoy what we bought from the Marche aux Puces. Last but not least, was the exquisite meals that we ate there. My grandfather was a wonderful cook, and he used to prepare tasteful dishes for us. We tried vegetables, seafood, and all kind of meat made for him. Sometimes, my grandparents and we went out to dinner and could taste a wide variety of meals. The beautiful location left indelible marks in our minds. The amusing time that we passed there is unforgettable. I never try again a meal with the delicious taste of my grandfathers meal. For all of that, my grandparents house was in my memory as the most favorite place that I visited during my childhood.

Machiavelli - The Prince :: essays research papers

The Prince, one of the most popular and well known doctrines of political thought was also one of the greatest works of Niccolà ³ Machiavelli. First published in 1513, The Prince was written in response to the failure of the Greek-based Italian city-states. Machiavelli wrote The Prince because, despite being a firm Republican, he was also well-documented as a strong patriot. He wanted that his people live under a free but effective government, but he decided that if his nation has to be ruled by a despotic form of government that he would rather have it be a strong yet merciful tyranny. He wasn’t paid for writing The Prince, it wasn’t even originally a book, but a series of letters to the Prince Lorenzo de Medici. He wrote it during exile, after he had been arrested and tortured by Medici’s people, so it is doubtful that they had a bountiful relationship. Machiavelli’s intent, it would seem to the naked eye, was not to taunt the Prince, but to give him advice about how to survive on the throne and to also keep the dynasty in his family after his death. It appeared that he wanted to help the Prince to keep the nation free from invasion and occupation and also how to handle internal problems; such as when to bribe, oppress, cajole etc… Machiavelli’s real objective in writing The Prince was far different from the words that are found composed by him. The letters from Machiavelli to the Prince of Florence were not messages of suggestion as much as they were a job application for a place in his dynasty. The actual ambition of Machiavelli was to use this political hypocrisy to promote his own good. He was a firm believer that one should give the people what they want in order to earn their support and respect. Then, once in the public’s good graces, to use your authority, position and support to promote and complete your own agenda, political or otherwise, as long as it would eventually benefit the good of the people. He was a believer that anything can be justified as long as the results in for the common good. Machiavelli used this idea to coin his most well known phrase, “the end justifies the means.'; He explains that is it necessary to appear to be a lovely moral person, but in reality, to act “as necessity dictates'; and this allows lying, perjury and other immoral acts as long as the overall intent and final product is for the Common Benefit.

End of the novel Essay

This is similar to Victor’s pursuit for glory, as both men (Victor and Walton) are putting the life of themselves and other men in danger by continuing to try and achieve their ambition. From Victor’s above words we can see that he is still motivated to seek revenge on the monster, despite the danger to his life. He also attempts to put the life of others in danger, as he asks Walton to murder the monster if he gets a chance:  If I do (die), swear to me, Walton, that (the monster) shall not escape; that you seek him, and satisfy my vengeance in his death.  (Volume 3, Chapter 7, p212) When Victor enters the novel, he is portrayed as a noble and kind person who is capable of both love and friendship. He has strong ambition and eager to learn. However, one gets the impression that when he starts to create life, he is trying to take the role of God, and becomes obsessed with gaining glory and power so much, that he forgets the importance of love and family. Victor also fails to care for the monster, which in my opinion is highly monstrous as it just like abandoning a new born baby. Furthermore, Victor acts selfishly in many occasions throughout the play. He decides to create a female companion for the monster, to stop the monster chasing him. But he goes against his promise when he thinks about what the world will think of him, if a â€Å"race of monsters† attacks the world. Everything Victor does is centred on himself and he only thinks about what benefit it would be to himself, when he considers an action. Now that I have considered Victor as a character, I will now examine the monster. The monster starts off his life as an innocent creature; however his abnormal figure and demented shape caused people to be scared of him and reject him. When the monster walked into an old man’s home to â€Å"obtain food and shelter†, the old man:  -turned on hearing a noise; and, perceiving (the monster), shrieked loudly, and, quitting the hut, ran across the fields.  (Volume 2, Chapter 3, p108) All the man had to see was monsters figure to make him run away without any enquiry. This suggests that the creature’s look posed a threat to everyone who saw him, and led to him being alienated from society.  However the monster is quite kind to start off with. While he was observing the De Lacy family, he demonstrates his kind gestures by gathering â€Å"a great pile of wood† for the De Lacy family to use as firewood. He also put their well being before his starvation, as he stopped stealing â€Å"a part of their store for (his) own consumption† when he found out that it â€Å"inflicted pain on the cottagers†. During the beginning period the monster spends with the De Lacy family, he â€Å"perceives that the words they spoke sometimes produced pleasure or pain, smiles or sadness, in the minds and countenances of the hearers†. He too wanted to be able to interact in this way and â€Å"ardently desired to become acquainted† with speech. This shows that the monster is eager to learn and wants to become just like other humans. Once the monster has mastered the use of speech, his desire to be like humans motivated him to enter the house of the De Lacy family, and speak to the blind old man when he was â€Å"left alone at the cottage†. This shows that the monster has some wit and cleverness as he selects a person who can’t judge him by his figure, but his personality and speech. However, whilst he is talking to the blind old man, the rest of the De Lacy family return home and were shocked by the appearance of the monster to such an extent that Felix, a male member of the De Lacy family, beat the monster â€Å"violently with a stick† using â€Å"supernatural force†. It is this mistreatment of the monster that sparks a deadly hatred within himself for his creator. The monster had received abuse from the De Lacy family after he had helped them, all because of the way that Victor had made him look, and the fact that he had failed to protect him. It is this anger that makes the monster monstrous by personality and drives him to kill William (Victor’s younger brother):  Ã¢â‚¬Å"‘Frankenstein! You belong then to my enemy–to him towards whom I have sworn eternal revenge; you shall be my first victim.’  (Volume 2, Chapter 8, p144) The monster also seems to be jealous of Victor, as he knows that he can never have love and relationship like him and other humans because of the way he looks. We know this because the monster frames Justine for murder of William, as he knew he could never possess anything as beautiful as her. And it is this feeling that brings the monster to demand Victor to make â€Å"a creature of another sex, but as hideous as† himself. From this, we can see all that the monster wants is a bit of love and companionship, to make him lead a life which is similar to humans. However Victor cheats the monster by first agreeing to create the female monster, but then â€Å"tearing (her) to pieces† in front the monster at the final stages of her production. This upsets the monster as Victor has effectively destroyed the monster’s only chance of love in front of his eyes. This antagonism caused the monster to become monstrous once again, as he murders both Henry Clerval and Elizabeth (now Victor’s wife): -what I now held in my arms had ceased to be the Elizabeth whom I had loved and cherished. The murderous mark of the fiend’s grasp was on her neck, and the breath had ceased to issue from her lips. (Volume 3, Chapter 6, p199)  Despite this, the monster does illustrate some humane characteristics towards the end of the novel. He presents great grievance for the death of Victor, and heartfelt remorse for his malicious actions:  Oh, Frankenstein! generous and self-devoted being! What does it avail that I now ask thee to pardon me? I, who irretrievably destroyed thee by destroying all thou lovedst.

Essay on Mount Rushmore - 2601 Words

Mount Rushmore In the Black Hills of South Dakota, there is a monument that is dedicated to four of the most influential figures in American history. George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt are names that still to this day trigger thoughts of greatness and awe-inspiring men. All four of these men were presidents of the United States. They each had a signature style or brought a particular ideal the American forefront. George Washington was known as the father of our country. Thomas Jefferson co-authored the Declaration of Independence. Abraham Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address and the Emancipation Proclamation. Theodore Roosevelt fought for the little man, was known for his brashness, and†¦show more content†¦And just as Gutzon set out to build a great feat, so will this paper and its interpretation and story-telling of the past. The history behind this monument, the artistry that is and was displayed, and the basic skills of location, environmen t, and factors that influence geography will also be discussed here. This work by Gutzon was not just mere sensationalism or commercialism, as has normally been the angle of reporters, but instead this will take on the historic aspect as it was originally intended to bring out. HISTORY History: The Beginning It started as an idea to draw sightseers, but in 1923 state historian Doane Robinson suggested carving some giant statues in South Dakotas Black Hills. Robinson was not the first American to think that a big country demanded big art. As early as 1849, Missouri Senator Thomas Hart Benton proposed a super-scale Christopher Columbus in the Rocky Mountains (1). In 1886 the 150-foot Statue of Liberty was unveiled. In the 1920s, an unconventional sculptor named Gutzon Borglum was carving a Confederate memorial on Stone Mountain in Georgia. Robinson wanted his sculptures to stand at the gateway to the west, where the Black Hills rise from the plains as a geographical prelude to the Rocky Mountains. Here, the granite outcropping resist erosion to form the Needles, a cluster of tall, needle-like peaks reminiscent of the spires on a Gothic cathedral.Show MoreRelatedThe Creator of Mount Rushmore National Memorial Park Essay943 Words   |  4 PagesThe Mount Rushmore National Memorial Park is o ne of the worlds largest sculptural and engineering projects. In 1923, a historian named Doane Robinson came up with the original idea for Mount Rushmore as a way of attracting tourists. Sculptor-designer John Gutzon de la Mothe Borglum (1867–1941) was contracted in 1927 to carve the solid-granite memorial. Borglum conceived the model figures, brought them to life within the mountains stone, and directed 400 artisans until his death in 1941. Later thatRead MoreMount Rushmore National Memorial: A Shrine of Democracy Essay1341 Words   |  6 Pages Mount Rushmore National Memorial: Shrine of Democracy The carving and construction of Mount Rushmore started on October 4, 1927 when Doane Robinson called in Gutzon Borglum. When South Dakota became a new state, Robinson wanted to create a monument on Stone Mountain to attract tourists. Gutzon Borglum, with the help of his son Lincoln Borglum, immediately knew what and who they wanted to carve; he proposed George Washington and Abraham Lincoln because he wanted those presidents to be rememberedRead MoreMount Rushmore Project1716 Words   |  7 PagesMount Rushmore project Quinn Lotridge The four former presidents, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln, are all of different time periods, but each did this country a great service. Though some people may not agree that these four iconic men in America’s history should be on the Mount Rushmore project, we can all agree these were great leaders, and important men in the shaping of the United States of America. I believe, if we were to pick four men and putRead More Symbolism of Mount Rushmore Essay2678 Words   |  11 PagesThe View from Mount Rushmore Amidst the Black Hills of South Dakota, the faces of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln watch over the nation. George Washington, often called the father of the nation, was a leader in the American Revolutionary War to win independence from Great Britain and later became the first president of the United States. Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence and added territory that doubled the size of the nation throughRead MoreProposition to Reface Mount Rushmore2204 Words   |  9 PagesOver the years, America has produced many people worthy of having their faces chiseled into a large rock for all to see. Although the current Mount Rushmore possesses faces that are very important and worthy, they are no longer relevant in today’s society. The proposition I have for the re-facing of Mount Rushmore is sure to be relevant and inspiring to Americans for centuries to come. Edgar Allen Poe was an American poet and short story co mposer whose writings have influenced literature for a centuryRead MoreThe Black Hills Of South Dakota1242 Words   |  5 Pageswill also explore the background of the artist, Gutzon Borglum, a renowned sculptor and artist, who made carving Mount Rushmore his last and final life’s passion. Together, with the help of his son Lincoln, they overcame critical design changes, setbacks, and the ever present financial deficits to make an American monument that will stand the test of time. â€Æ' ENGINEERING MOUNT RUSHMORE Nestled in the Black hills of South Dakota sits one of America’s most iconic national landmarks. There, carved intoRead MoreThe Statue Of Liberty, The Washington Monument901 Words   |  4 Pagesrelic† in a â€Å"valued place.† Another reason why location should be considered when memorializing an event or person, and when constructing the monument, is because location is critical for the monument’s conservation— and in Source C, it describes Mount Rushmore and how the hills it is carved into may not have been the smartest place to make the structure. It â€Å"will be gone in a geological instant,† if weather proves to be tough and unforgiving, and thanks to the â€Å"soft and crumbling sediment and ash† theRead MoreThe Black Hills Of South Dakota1015 Words   |  5 Pages A New York lawyer had just traveled there to inspect mining claims in that region. The man s name was Charles E. Rushmore. Rushmore was curious by one of the mountains and asked a towns person what the name of the mountain was. The towns person replied saying it had no name. From then on Charles Rushmore started calling it Rushmore Peak. Over time it became known as Mount Rushmore (history.com). During the fol lowing years the area of the Black Hills decided they wanted to start attracting touristRead MoreThe Holocaust Museum : The Importance Of Monuments1079 Words   |  5 Pagespeople feel every time they look at Mount Rushmore. To be subjected every day of a constant reminder of everything your people have lost must be devastating. The Dakota Mountains were, and still are, sacred to the Sioux people and most natives see Mount Rushmore as nothing more than the graffiti of white people. They see it as a desecration of the natural beauty of their sacred mountain. Kelly Looking Horse, a Sioux artist I talked with as he sewed drum at Mount Rushmore, said there were probably betterRead MoreRoyal Alexandra Theatre1334 Words   |  6 Pagescheesy decision that broke the intense illusion held up throughout majority of the show. This sense of cheesy comedy returned when Mount Rushmore was created by projecting actors’ faces on to the back screen. It successfully got the audience laughin g but it was almost too distracting from the action happening on the stage itself. In order to climb this Mount Rushmore in a later scene, the actors climbed on tables and chairs placed in front of the projection. The sharpness of these pieces did not

Effective Communication in Groups and Teams - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2918 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? 1.0 Introduction Based on my research on the topic of differences between teams and groups,i have learned that team members work jointly toward one common goal and share responsibility for the teams achievements. A group is made up of 2 or more individuals in which share common interests as well as characteristics, and its members identify with each other due to be able to similar attributes.Next is using the communication process model which managers ensure effective communication within teams.Some of the method i have used to carry out the research are as following through observation, online search, and book references. In these segment of my research, I had learned that how the organisation do their negotiation.Regarding to the topic of research there also found the factors which consider to ensure a successful outcome negotiation for teams and groups.The references i used in section is through searching website and book references. 2.0 Differences Be tween Teams And Groups. Some people used what team and group interchangeably, but you will find a variety of differences involving a team and a group in real world applications. Quite a few leadership courses intended for the corporate world stress benefit of team building, not group building, as an illustration. A teams strength is dependent upon the commonality of purpose and inter connectivity involving individual users, whereas a new groups strength will come from absolute volume or even willingness to carry out a sole leaders directions. It is often much much better to form a bunch than a new team. In case you had a location filled using professional accountants, for instance, they could possibly be grouped based on gender, encounter, fields of expertise, grow older, or additional common components. Forming a bunch based on the certain commonality is just not particularly complicated, although the potency of the groups can be variable. A groups public dynamics can cover a nything from complete compatibility to perform intolerance, which may make consensus building very hard for a new leader. The team, however, can be a lot more difficult to create. Members of a team can be selected with regards to complementary knowledge, not a single commonality. An enterprise team may include things like an accountant, a new salesman, a company executive and a secretary, for instance. Each member of the team features a purpose and a function within just that workforce, so the complete success is dependent upon a well-designed interpersonal vibrant. There is generally much less room for conflict as soon as working being a team. The success of a group is often measured by means of its effects, not necessarily the process used to arrive at these results. Tubbs (2001) state that a group may use equal elements discussion, argumentation and peer pressure to steer individual users towards a new consensus(p41). A trial run jury could well be an illustration of this a group for action, not a new team. This foreperson represents the management role, looking to turn 11 additional opinions into one unanimous choice. Since your jury users usually have no idea one one more personally, there may be rarely a feat to build a team vibrant. The choice process for any verdict is a result of group assistance. According to Coile (2002) stated that a workforce, by comparison, does not rely on groupthink to arrive at it is conclusions. An car accident investigation team could well be an illustration of this a real world team vibrant. Each member of the workforce is assigned to guage one area of the car accident(p83). The teams specialist on accident scene reconstruction wont have to seek advice from the teams specialist on forensic research, for example. The members of a team use their individual abilities to arrive at a new cohesive consequence. There is often a team associate working being a facilitator with the process, and not necessarily a particular l eader. Group constructing can virtually take only a few minutes, but team building can consider years. Individual members of a group often be capable of walk far from the group when their particular services or even input turn out to be unnecessary. A workforce members shortage can really hamper the relevant skills of other associates to conduct effectively, its the same not rare for individual members to create an exceptionally strong allegiance to the team overall. An professional military unit including the US Fast SEALS or even the Military Rangers could possibly be considered examples of team constructing at it is best. 3.0 Communication Process Model In Previous Workplace. Within the last decade,this is about my last working place an organizations have progressively shifted towards hiring an increasingly mobile labor force.Findings on the 2010 Cisco Attached Technology World Report, which has been conducted throughout thirteen places, indicate of which employees be ex pecting greater flexibility in their own jobs understanding that over 65% of which rate flexibility to be a more important factor than income. As a result, the volume of companies adopting an increasingly collaborative virtual workspace is usually on this rise, along with the projections signify a growing growth rate as direction.Some great benefits of telecommuting usually are obvious: cheaper travel fees, access to a more diversified experience, greater employee satisfaction, and increased productiveness. However, a single drawback towards surge throughout telecommuting methods is of which it has created additional troubles for virtual teams, and particularly with regard to project managers. 3.1 Effective Communication Within Teams. Listed below are seven recommendations that the actual virtual task manager must implement for more appropriate communication among members of his or her team: I) Establish a Clear Communication Plan II) Account for Informal Discussions III) Be a Master of Technology IV) Conduct Structured Meetings V) Leverage Video When Needed VI) Determine a Range for Time-Zone Differences VII) Use Email Effectively 3.1.1 Establish a Clear Communication Plan. Although this may seem clear, it is probably the most overlooked by simply virtual venture managers. A connection plan really should define the guidelines of engagement and the frequency connected with communication. The plan should also have a repository connected with contact information for all those team people, as effectively as all of the all the particular status bring up to date meetings. Perhaps most significantly, the prepare should contain the project managerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s choices in conditions of how he / she would love to be called. For example, according to Extejt(1998) one venture manager may wish to have just about all requests documented through email so that messages can easily be followed, and always be contacted by simply phone p rovided that something urgent comes up(p62).Another venture manager may well prefer to use instant messaging software for all those minor issues and work with email for better requests. Simply by defining upfront what her or his preferences tend to be, the venture manager will begin a more efficient communication flow along with members in the team. 3.1.2 Account for Informal Discussions. In the virtual workforce, the everyday conversations that always occur around cubicle walls in the office or near the water chillier are absent. Such discussions are essential to developing team rapport and cohesiveness and also ultimately building trust plus more successful verbal exchanges within the team; therefore, it is essential for the virtual project manager to replace with this reduction. 3.1.3 Be a Master of Technology. According to Keyton(2002) stated that provided that virtual undertaking managers have to rely generally on technological innovation to get in touch with the ir spread teams, it truly is imperative that they become specialists at utilizing it(p82). Managers should know the features of online relationship software to make sound decisions about effective connection practices. For example, when employing Cisco WebEx Conference Center, the undertaking managers should understand how to share files and programs, pass handle to various other presenters, work with networkbased recording, and permit webcam conferencing. They will also come to be experts at using various other scheduling, undertaking management, information management, and document managing software. Just remember, managers should understand the actual limitations and degrees of integration across the many software programs, mainly on account of overlapping attributes, which can become a tautology and befuddle the staff. 3.1.4 Conduct Structured Meetings. One issue, which can be attributed in order to wasting time and effort in electronic teams, is deficiencies in structure in meetings. According to Mead(1993) stated that it really is counterproductive when a total team attends a meeting that lacks a great objective or even sense connected with facilitation(p161).Ultimately, the excellent virtual getting together with has four attributes: I) First, the meeting needs to have a unique agenda,that will be communicated towards the team in advance of time period. II) Second, the meeting ought to be facilitated because of the project administrator who makes sure that the crew remains for the topic. Its the project managerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s job to ensure any off-agenda talks be postponed completely to another meeting. III) Third, the undertaking manager really should capture almost any risks, issues, and action things that come up over the meeting, and designate owners to all of them. IV) Final steps, and the most vital step, is for the project manager to follow along with up on the meeting by having an email which summarizes your meetingà ¢Ã¢â€ š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s decisions. 3.1.5 Leverage Video When Needed. In face-to-face meetings, project operators have the advantage of projecting and also reading this facial expression and mannerisms of their audience; nevertheless, in on-line meetings, such non-verbal cues are obviously missing, which simply leaves the challenge manager with a disadvantage inside sensing this teamà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s opinions. In vulnerable meetings, while tensions are elevated, the challenge manager need to request the employment of webcam conferencing to help in mitigating the uncomfortable side effects of non-visual conversation. 3.1.6 Determine a Range for Time-Zone Differences. Whenever working together in several countries, it is quite frequent for different associates to are now living in different moment zones. This creates an issue for this project supervisor, who usually needs to include this majority from the team throughout important conferences. Of training course, it just isnt always simple for every workforce member to produce it for you to every assembly, but it is sometimes necessary to possess those à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“all-handsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  conversations when issues appear. According to Johnson Chung(2000) state that the communication plan must define some sort of prime moment range intended for meetings(p238). If the project supervisor, for example, is using the east shoreline of the united states, and several associates live on the west shoreline, then beginning meetings no sooner than 11:00 a.m as being a lower limit adds up. Moreover, if other associates are based in India, next scheduling conferences after 3:00 p.m. might be too later, which shows that the excellent time range of 11:00 a.m for you to 3:00 p.m. can be ideal intended for meetings. Documenting this specific range in a very project schedule helps this project supervisor effectively schedule meetings whenever every workforce member ought to be included in a important talk. 3.1.7 Use Email Effectively. Email is often a double-edged sword. Using the item inefficiently as a tool to control virtual teams could be inundating along with confusing, but putting it on effectively assists facilitate the particular teamà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s conversation flow. 4.0 What is a Negotiation. Certo(1992) suggested negotiation is often a valuable skill divorce lawyers Atlanta part in your life. When executed effectively negotiation can generate an outcome that is mutually good for both parties(p24). Negotiation is actually most pleasurable when both parties think they have gained something and when both parties allow us a beneficial working romantic relationship. Since a lot of your negotiations at your workplace and in the home involve people you can be in close contact with for a long period, the longterm advantages of building a mutually respectful relationship are generally as important because short term gains that may result from any provided negotiation. 4.1 Successful And Skillful Negotiation For Teams And Groups. Successful and skilled negotiation requires empathy, excellent listening expertise, and skimp. Although you do not always get what you need just by simply asking, it is usually highly unlikely that youre walking what you need if you dont ask whatsoever. Good discussions skills doesnt just allow you to get what you need, but also allow you to enhance ones professional and personal living. Fottler,Blair,Whitehead,LausSavage (1989) suggested that while the particular examples here pay attention to the workplace, keep planned that discussions skills are generally transferable and everything inside life is usually negotiable(p530). 4.2 Factors For Successful Outcome In Teams And Groups. You will find a large number of environmental factors which is often applied towards conduct connected with negotiations.According to Thiederman(1996) suggest that care needs to be taken in deciding no matter whether to adopt environmental tactics a s they can be very obvious the tactics have been employed(p181). Use these tactics sometimes appears as disrespectful which enables it to have a tremendous and negative influence on the progress of talks. Examples connected with environmental factors add the following: I) Location à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Generally its going to be an advantages to carry out negotiations with home turf using the comfort that derives from familiar environment. Conducting negotiations at your own office space will increase the opportunities to take advantage of other the environmental factors. There can be down sides in talking through your unique place. Especially, there exists better prospect of disorders or maybe intended for critical business friends being mobile phone simply by additional pressing concerns. It usually is more difficult to help depend upon deficiencies in specialist to help acknowledge a certain concession for anyone who is talking in your mind place of work using the TOP DOG in a reg ional place of work. II) Meeting facilities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Control on the negotiation position gives control on the primary achieving room as well as over break-out rooms. This will give the major meeting room to become set up prior to a arrival from the other discussion team so that environmental strengths are maximized. By way of example, the readers could be asked to sit quietly of a new table which often faces into glaring windows or which offers a distracting view. Table styles and seating positions also needs to be thought to be. Generally proper seating agreements are considerably better round desk or casual arrangements. It can be very intimidating with the team members from the other celebration to need to sit aside, or near opposition business friends or capable where theyve insufficient workspace space as well as elbow room. Ideally temperatures must be kept a tad too cool to stop sleepiness. Nonetheless, the visitorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s break-out room could possibly be kept at the warmer temperatures to impact the effectiveness of work through break-outs. III) Fatigue à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" In the event the visiting arbitration team get travelled through interstate, they might not be well-rested once they arrive at the meeting and they will suffer through fatigue and loss in concentration through protracted discussions. Sessions in addition to topics could be planned for you to capitalise with this. The sponsor team can easily conduct the actual negotiations in such a way that the actual host team can easily rest through break-out classes whilst the actual visiting team is required to work by using an issue in the break-out period (e. gary. the host associates could possibly rest in addition to eat a meal while the actual visiting staff is focusing on an issue such as re-pricing on an alternative service). While in extended discussions, this might have a compounding impact and weaken the effectiveness of the visiting associates. IV) Time à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Group member who travel from interstate could have flight promises which set a strong closing time for just a negotiation session or which often create the particular unattractive prospect of needing to organise overnight accommodation in the event the negotiations are not finalised. This makes it possible for the coordinator negotiation team to face issues so the time stress is working against the visiting team for the end on the day. By selectively parking more challenging issues, the coordinator team might be able to orchestrate a position where the particular horse trading towards the end of the day produces an optimal outcome for the host discussing team. V) Food drink à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Failure to offer refreshments at proper points in the operation can be considered bad good manners. However, hunger (particularly when put together with fatigue) can reduce the effectiveness of members of a negotiation team. Conversely, an overly large or rich meal also can result in drowsiness, bad concentration in addition to reduced discussion effectiveness. 5.0 Conclusion In conclusion it is sometimes difficult for you to draw the distinction involving a team along with a group. As an example, a group of coworkers could possibly meet on occasion to discuss a worry or produce input over a decision. While such meetings typically have an agenda and therefore a purpose plus some structure, we would not necessarily consider those in attendance like a team. The activity scope along with duration is just too small for you to involve the quantity of coordination connected with resources along with effort of which teamwork requires. In the final analysis negotiation is really a process that could be approached in several ways. At duration, negotiators must be able to keep occasions in perspective and grow as sensible and sincere as situation allows. By thinking about the other side as a partner instead of an adversary and by simply working together , negotiators have a way to craft an answer which is to be beneficial for you to both attributes. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Effective Communication in Groups and Teams" essay for you Create order

Strengths and Weaknesses - 1033 Words

I have heard from a professor that writing is not an easy thing to do. Many people fail to get their point across the first time when writing. I would agree with what the professor said. Many essays I have written are not perfect. I have made many mistakes when writing essays. I not only dislike writing, I get tired of writing when I have to write a lot. So my mind wanders off, and my body sits in class. Maybe I do not like to write because I am not good at it. Maybe I just need to practice more on my writing skills, and that way I can feel confident about myself. After all, I have never seen someone give up on something they are good at. Despite all these excuses as to why I am not a good writer, I still try and do my†¦show more content†¦Now my essays are more strengthened when it comes down to punctuation errors and comma splices. As I revised my essays after the professor gave me feedback, I noticed that my mistakes were fading away. I know that my essays had fewer weak nesses and more strengths. Both my strengths and weaknesses were brought out when I wrote these essays. In my essays I got back from the professor, I saw some improvement with my transition words. I used to see that I needed to put down more transition words so that my paragraphs could relate to one another. Although I have not gotten rid of this problem completely, I have shown some improvement over the past few essay I wrote. In my whole process paper, I started off using very few transition words. As I progressed I learned to use more transitions with my paragraphs. Another improvement I have made is that I had few examples in my essays and I was not specific. For example, in my argumentative essay I first had little to no examples to support my idea. I had marks that the professor put saying, â€Å"need more specific detail† and â€Å"be specific†. As I improved, my essays had less of these comments. In conclusion, the essays in my portfolio for English 49 clearly show that I have strengths, weaknesses and areas of improvement. Everybody makes mistakes, and everybody can fix those mistakes. Little by little I show improvement when I write my essays. I know I will keep making mistakesShow MoreRelatedStrengths And Weaknesses735 Words   |  3 PagesEvidently, most people adjudge the strengths and weaknesses of learning styles affect their teaching. As one learns they normally don’t take into consideration the style of learning intelligence they are using in their learning experiences. Most teachers are aware of the different learning styles and multiple intelligences that occur in the classroom with their students. Although teachers do have strengths, weaknesses, I believe it allows the teacher an opportunity to grow, and revamp their learningRead MoreStrengths And Weaknesses1562 Words   |  7 Pages Facing fears can be an exhilarating experience for actors. 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An Objection to Mandatory Drug Testing in High Sch Essay Example For Students

An Objection to Mandatory Drug Testing in High Sch Essay ools for theParticipation ofExtra-Curricular Activities:Primarily Student AthletesFor LA: 401: Science, Technology, and Human ValuesSpring, 2004IntroductionWith the recent steroid a scandal in Major League Baseball, debatesover mandatory drug testing polices have sparked interest across thecountry. One issue that is highly controversial, but has taken a back seatin the in the debate, is the issue of mandatory drug testing policies inhigh schools. With teenage drug use on the rise in the 90s the federalgovernment and the United States Supreme Court gave the green light tomandatory drug testing policies for student athletes and participants ofextra-curricular activities. In this paper I hope to prove that mandatorydrug testing of student athletes and participants of extra-curricular atthe high school level is a well-meaning but wrong-headed approach to teendrug prevention. Although mandatory drug testing is necessary at the collegiate andprofessional levels of competition in order to ensure a level playing fieldamong athletes, to preserve the credibility and integrity of the particularsport, and to prevent and protect athletes from drug abuse, mandatory drugtesting should be removed at the high school level because mandatory drugtesting can have a negative effect on the classroom or team, is a waste ofvaluable school financial resources, may be a potential barrier to joiningextra-curricular activities because drug testing is typically aimed atstudents who want to participate in those activities, drug tests being usedby high schools have been known to give false positives, which could punishinnocent students, and may cause several unintended consequences such as:students turning to more dangerous drugs that are not detectable by thetests currently being used, students out smarting the tests, and studentslearning that they are assumed guilty until they a re proven innocent. DefinitionsAnabolic steroids are, synthetic substances related to male sexhormones (androgens). They promote growth of skeletal muscle (anaboliceffect) and the development of male sexual characteristics (androgeniceffects). Users of anabolic steroids run the risk of stunted bone growth,permanent damage to the heart, liver, kidneys, and a known seventy othermajor physical and psychological side effects. Currently, anabolic steroidsare only legal in the United States by doctor prescription. Doctors usethese steroids to treat patients who have developed certain conditions thatforce the body to produce low amounts of testosterone, such as delaypuberty and some types of impotence, and also to treat body wasting inpatients with AIDS and other diseases. Finally, anabolic steroids aredifferent from steroidal supplements sold over the counter in the UnitedStates, such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione (known asAndro). Users buy theses supplements through commercial sources includinghealth food stores, because they believe the supplements have anaboliceffects. This supplement was made popular during Mark McGwires recordsetting home run season and the controversy surround his admittance ofusing the supplement. Currently, there are three common drug-testing methods employed bythe public school system, they include urinalysis test, hair follicle test,and the use of a sweat patch test. The urinalysis test is the most commontest used in high schools, primarily because of its low cost per a test,usually ranging from $10 to $30 per test, however with the relative lowcost comes several problems. The first is a urinalysis test cannot detectalcohol or tobacco uses, both are illegal at the high school age. Secondly,by using a urinalysis test a specimen has a possibility of beingadulterated. Finally, the urinalysis test is the most invasive of all drugtests because someone must be present when the specimen is collected. The second method of drug testing used by high schools is the hairfollicle test. The hair follicle test is the mot expensive test used byhigh schools at a cost of $60 to $75 per test. The test is limited to thefive basic drug panel, which include marijuana, cocaine, opiate,amphetamines, and PCP. The test cannot detect alcohol use or recent druguse. Even though the hair follicle test is look at to be one of the morereliable drug tests, it does have its share problems. The test tends to bediscriminatory: dark haired people are more likely to test positive thanblondes, and African-Americans are more likely to test positive thanCaucasians. In addition, exposure to drugs in the environment may lead tofalse positives, especially if those drugs are smoked. Finally, the third method of drug testing used by high schools is thesweat patch test. The sweat patch test is also relatively cheap at $20 to$30 per test. The sweat patch test is able to detect the most drugs of outof the three tests, but the test is plagued with several problems. First,very few labs in this country are able to process the results, which causesan inconvenience to school districts. Secondly, passive exposure to drugscould result in false positives, due to contamination of the patch. Finally, any individual with excessive body hair, scrapes or cuts, and skineruptions cannot wear the patch. New drug testing techniques are being developed to be more accurateand less invasive. One of theses new techniques is the saliva test. Thistest is said to be almost unbeatable because it uses a persons DNA. However, this test opens up new doors of controversy, because it looks deepinto ones past creating privacy issues and could open the door foremployers to genetically test for certain types of employees. Monitoring the Future is an ongoing study conducted by the institutefor Social Research at the University of Michigan, which surveys thebehaviors, attitudes, and values of American secondary school students,college students, and young adults. The study first began in 1975, whenabout 50,000 12th graders were surveyed. In 1991, 8th and 1oth graders wereadded to the survey. In addition to the survey, follow up questionnairesare mailed to a sample of each graduating class for a number of years afterthe initial survey. History of the IssueIn order to understand the mandatory drug testing issue completely,it is essential that we examine the background and history of eventscontributing to the establishment of mandatory drug testing of studentathletes and participates of extra-curricular activities in high schools. The testing of student athletes and extra-curricular participates did notbegin just recently. However: until recently, the debate of drug testingeffectiveness was minimal. Impact of the 60sIn the mid 1960s with the coming of age of the Baby Boom generationand counter-culture revolution brought narcotics into the mainstream ofAmericas culture. By the late 1960s middle-class youths and soldiersserving in Vietnam spurred on by popular music, had embraced certain drugslike marijuana, hallucinogens, and several others. In 1968, President Nixonwas elected president on a law-and-order platform that emphasized a crackdown on drug use. That same year mandatory drug testing was instituted bythe military, because of a growing number of drug addicted Vietnam vetsreturning home. War on DrugsIn 1970, Congress passed the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention andControl Act. This act significantly lessened penalties for possession ofmany drugs. A year later, President Nixon declared the first war ondrugs. In 1975, the University of Michigans Institute of Social Researchconducted the first of its series of Monitoring the Future studies onstudent drug use. In 1977, President Carter called for thedecriminalization of marijuana, but later he drops the idea. In 1979, druguse peaks and an anti-drug movement began, led mostly by parents. Just Say NoThe 1980s brought about many changes in the drug policy of theUnited States. The drug cocaine was gaining popularity, especially amongyoung, white, urban, professionals. In 1982, President Reagan declared asecond war on drugs. In July of 1985, an Arkansas court ruled that theexcessive intrusive nature of drug testing student athletes withoutreasonable suspicion is not justified by its need. On June 19, 1986,University of Maryland basketball star Len Bias died of a cocaine overdose,his death prompted almost immediate change, when it came to drug testing. A few months after Biass death, President Reagan and the first ladylaunched the national Just say no anti-drug campaign. President Reaganalso issued Executive Order 12564, calling for a drug free workplace inall federal agencies. In addition, in a symbolic gesture he and his senioradvisors provide urine samples to be tested for illegal drugs. Congressedfollowed suit and passed into law the Drug Free Schools and CommunitiesAct, which provide schools with funds to start anti-drug programs. ThePresident signed the law on Oct. 27, 1986. States across the country alsobegan to pass their own Drug Free School Zone laws. That same year,Biass death prompted the NCAA to approve mandatory drug testing for allits athletes. The late 80s brought on a continued focus on illegal drug use. In1988, President Bush established the White House Office of National DrugControl Policy. November 1988, Congress passed the Drug Free Work PlaceAct, which required all federal contractors or grant recipients to maintaindrug free work places. This prompted many employers begin to set voluntarytesting programs. This also leads to lawsuits brought by employees,claiming drug testing is a violation of individual privacy rights. Thecourts responded and allowed suspicion less drug testing. In 1989,President Bush unveils his National Drug Control Strategy, which encourageddrug for workplace policies in the private sector and in state and localgovernment. That same year the Supreme Court upholds random drug testingwhen a special need outweighs individual privacy rights, in the NationalTreasury Employees Union v. Von Raab decision. Roller Coaster 90sThe 1990s began with teen drug at an all time low and the expansionof drug testing policies. President Bush expanded the federal drug-testingprogram to include all White House personnel. In 1991, Congress passes theOmnibus Transportation and Employment Testing Act, which mandated drug andalcohol testing to 8 million private-sector pilots, drivers, and equipmentoperators. In 1992, President Clinton is elected and drug use beginsincreasing. Some say the increase was due to the Persian Gulf War and themedia, especially the recording industry, with messages of sex, drug, androck-and-roll. One of President Clintons first acts in the White House wasto expand on the drug testing policies of Presidents Reagan and Bush; hestarts by authorizing mandatory drug testing in prisons. In 1995, the United States Supreme Court gave the green light tomandatory drug testing of high school athletes. In the case of VeroniaSchool District v. Acton, the supreme court ruled that mandatory drugtesting in high school athletics programs was not an unreasonable search orseizure, nor was the testing an invasion of the student athletes privacy. The Supreme Court ruled that suspicion less; random urinalysis drug testingof high school athletes was justified because the drug crisis in the schooldistrict had reached epidemic proportions. In the four and half yearsprior to the case, the Veronica school district had found only 12 positivedrug tests. Ten years earlier the Supreme Court had struck down asunreasonable a New Jersey schools athlete drug testing program, in which28 student athletes tested positive for drugs in a single year. In the Veronia case Justice Antonin Scalia wrote the majority opinion;he was the same justice that wrote scornful dissent in the Von Raabdecision. Justice Scalia argued that student athletes have less privacyrights than the general student body because they dress and shower in closeproximity. Legitimate privacy expectations are even less with regard tostudent athletes. School sports are not for the bashful. They requiresuiting up before each practice or event, and showering and changingafterward. Public school locker rooms, the usual sites of these activities,are not notable for the privacy they afford. The locker rooms in Vernoniaare typical: no individual dressing rooms are provided; shower heads arelined up along the wall, unseparated by any sort of partition or curtain;not even all the toilet stalls have doors. Justice Scalia wrote. JusticeScalia went on to add that the increase of drug use by the student body waslargely fueled by the role model effect of athletes drug use.Curren t SituationIn 2001, Congress allocated $185 million to the Office of NationalDrug Control Policy for advertisements and campaign projects, in 2002 theadministration only asked for $180 million. On February 12 of 2002,President George W. Bush unveiled a $19 billion anti-drug package thataimed to cut drug use in the United States by 10 percent in two years andby 25 percent in five years. Also, the DARE program would receive $644million, $103 million less than it received in 2001. The decrease was dueto the program in recent years being ineffective and wasteful. PresidentBushs plan also called for more emphasis on treatment and prevention, andfederal grants for drug treatment would be increased by more than 6percent, to $3.8 billion for the fiscal year of 2003. Later that year theSupreme Court ruled on the landmark case of Board of Education ofIndependent School District No.92 of Pottawatomie County v. Earls. In the case of the BOE v. Earls, the Supreme Court ruled that anOklahoma school policy of randomly drug testing students who participate incompetitive, non-athletic extra-curricular activities was in factconstitutional. In a 5-4 decision the court reversed a federal courtruling. Justice Clarence Thomas, writing for the majority said that thecourt found such a policy a reasonably effective means of addressing theschool districts legitimate concerns in preventing, deterring, anddetecting drug use. In the dissent, Justice Ruth Ginsburg said the testingprogram was capricious, even perverse, infringing on the rights of astudent population least likely to be at risk from illicit drugs and theirdamaging effects.Clarification of the ProblemMandatory drug testing plays a vital role in protecting individualsand sports at both the collegiate and professional levels. Unfortunately,when mandatory drug testing is carried over to the high school level,several consequences arise. When teenage drug u se began to rise in the mid90s public school districts began to adopt mandatory drug testingpolicies, these policies have since been upheld as constitutional by theUnited States Supreme Court. However, research has shown that thesepolicies are unsuccessful at deterring drug use among teenagers and mayeven hamper the process. The reason is simple mandatory drug testingpolicies at the high school level are aimed at the students who are at theleast risk of abusing drugs the athletes and extra-curricular participants. Arguments For Removal of Mandatory Drug Testing at the High School LevelIt is extremely important for the government to remove mandatory drugtesting in high schools for student athletes and extra-curricularparticipates. Research has shown that mandatory drug testing at the highschool level is not effective for several reasons. Negative Impact on the Classroom or TeamThe first argument for the removal of mandatory drug testing at thehigh school level is that mandatory drug testing can have a negative effecton the classroom and on the team. Mandatory drug testing can underminestudent-teacher relationships by pitting students against teachers,administrators, school nurses, and coaches who have to test them, becauseit erodes trust between the student and the tester and leaves the studentfeeling ashamed and resentful. Whether a school district buys drug testdirectly from a manufacturer and administers the test themselves or has anindependent source brought in to administer the tests, someone must bepresent as the student urinates to be sure the sample is their own. Thiscollection process can be a humiliating violation of the students privacy,and can be especially embarrassing for adolescent. Music And Violence Argumentative EssayThis test alone raises questions on whether mandatory drug testing in highschools is a wise investment. Level Playing FieldA third objection to the removal of mandatory drug testing at thehigh school level is that mandatory drug testing is necessary at the highschool level to ensure a level playing field among athletes. The 2001Monitoring the Future study, showed an increase of steroid use between the8th and 12th grades. The tend also suggests that these adolescents perceivesteroids as a harmless way of bulking up and are unaware of the long termhealth risks involved with steroid abuse. Steroid use is also seen adramatic increase in the southern states. A 2001 survey conducted by theCenters for Disease Control and Prevention showed that 11.2% of high schoolboys in Louisiana and 5.7% of high school girls in Tennessee use steroids. With the current trend of rising steroid users among adolescents,some student athletes want mandatory drug testing to ensure a level playingfield. Ed Boos, supervisor of prevention, health, and wellness for the PolkCounty School District in Florida, said he has heard from student athletesthat support steroid testing because of the unfair advantage of performanceenhancing drugs give to those who use them. To date only a handful school districts perform tests that can detectthe use of steroids. One school district that does is the wealthy ParadiseValley School District in Phoenix, Arizona. They randomly administer $50urinalysis tests to students participating in everything from football tobadminton. Most of the tests conducted by other school districts only testfor the five basic drugs. The reason why school districts do not test forsteroids is the costs per test. A reliable steroid test can cost between$50 and $100 and that is for the test alone, it does not include thecollecting and handling of the test. Few schools are willing to spend thatkind of money on extra tests. Supreme CourtA fourth objection to the removal of mandatory drug testing at thehigh school level is mandatory drug testing of athletes and extra-curricular participants at the high school level was ruled to beconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court. In the 1995 ruling inthe Veronia v. Acton case and the 2002 ruling in the Pottawatomie v. Earlscase the Supreme Court established precedent for the testing of studentathletes and extra-curricular participants at the high school level. In the Veronia v. Acton and Pottawatomie v. Earls the Supreme Courtruled it was constitutional to test student athletes and participants inextra-curricular activities. However, the court did not say that schoolsare required to test those involved in competitive extra-curricularactivities, drug testing of the entire student body or groups outside ofcompetitive extra-curricular activities was constitutional, it isconstitutional to drug test elementary students, it is constitutional totest by means other than urinalysis, and schools are protected fromlawsuits under their respective state law. When the Supreme Court made its rulings they were interpretingfederal law, however school districts are also subject to state law, whichmay provide greater protection for student privacy rights. Privacy lawsvary greatly from state to state and in many states the law has yet to bewell defined. In several states including: Arkansas, Indiana, Maryland, Michigan,Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, and Washington, lawsuits have been filedagainst school districts for their drug testing policies. These schooldistricts could spend thousands of taxpayers dollars and several yearsfighting lawsuits that have no guarantee of victory. Public PolicyWhat Is Being Done?Currently, the NCAA conducts test on their athletes annually. TheNCAA visits each university once a year and tests three or four varsityteams. The universities are then left up to test their athletes at theirdiscretion. The NCAA also randomly tests their athletes at NCAAchampionship events and before all football bowl games. Institutions thathave been randomly selected are notified by the NCAA 48 hours before thetesting is to be performed. The tests are conducted by the National Centerfor Drug Free Sport. Any athlete that tests positives may lose theireligibility for a year. The athlete could possibly lose his or herscholarship depending on the policy set forth by his or her institution. In the National Basketball Association, rookie players are tested upto four times a season. Veterans are subject to one test and that takesplace during training camp. The NBA prohibits the use of amphetamines,cocaine, LSD, opiates, PCP, marijuana, and steroids. Any player who testspositive on a drug test can face anywhere from game suspensions to alifetime ban. In the National Football League, steroid use is banned. Players arerandomly drug tested and those who test positive could face gamesuspensions. There is no mandatory drug testing policy in the National HockeyLeague. Mandatory drug testing is only conducted on players that arecurrently in the leagues substance abuse aftercare program. Players whoare abusers can seek help the first time with facing exposure orsuspension. In boxing, policies vary from state to state, though most do not testboxers. The state of Nevada began testing boxers in 2002 for use of illegalsteroids. Using the urinalysis test samples are checked for 25 differentsteroids. Currently the Professional Golf Association does not test itsathletes for performance enhancing drugs. The reason for this is there hasbeen no evidence that performance-enhancing drugs can improve a playersgame. However, they will begin to test for unfair clubs next year. Major League Baseball has come under scrutiny lately for its drugtesting policy. Starting next year all players will be tested for steroids. The first time a player tests positive, he will be placed in a treatmentprogram. For any subsequent positive tests the player will be fined between$10,000 and $100,000 and could be suspended from 30 days to a year withoutpay. Testing of all players will continue until positive tests drop below2.5% in two consecutive years. At the high school level a national survey conducted six years afterthe Veronia v. Acton ruling showed only 5% of school districts havemandatory drug testing policies for student athletes, and only 3% for extra-curricular participants. The survey indicated that mandatory drug testingwas most common in rural school districts. It also showed that no schooldistrict tests all their students and none of the ten largest schoolsystems in the United States have mandatory drug testing policies in place. Also, currently no school district tests for anabolic steroids, primarilybecause of the costs of tests. The justification for mandatory drug testingin school districts vary from school to school as much as drug testingpolicies themselves, but most school districts that decide not to testtheir students acknowledge that money is more wisely spent on education,counseling, and treatment. Today, several state legislatures have tabled or defeated bills thatwould allow mandatory drug testing in high schools over concerns of privacyconfidentiality, liability issues, and the overall effectiveness of drugtesting programs. In other states, steroid abuse seems to be the hot topicof debate. In Florida, state representative Marcelo Llorente is pushing abill that would require counties to test a percentage of their high schoolathletes for steroids. In California, state Senator Jackie Speier hasintroduced legislation to ban the sale of supplements such as ANDRO toteens. She is also pushing for the state to focus on statewide testing ofhigh school athletes for steroids and supplements. The federal government has also stepped up its efforts in the preventionof steroid abuse. Congress has introduced several bills to aid in thisgrowing epidemic. The first bill introduced was to direct the NationalInstitute of Standards and Technology to establish a program to supportresearch and training in new methods of detecting the use of performance-enhancing drugs by athletes and for other purposes. The second bill wasdesigned to clarify a definition of anabolic steroids and to providefunding fund for steroid research and education. Finally the last bill wasdesigned to give Major League Baseball a wake up call to improve their drugtesting policies or Congress would step in and improve the policies forthem. President George W. Bush also stepped up his drug policies for theupcoming election year. During this years State of the Union address,President Bush proposed to expand federal monies for school drug testingprograms more than tenfold, to $23 million. During his speech, thePresident called drug testing the silver bullet that would eliminate teendrug use. The Presidents Office of National Drug Control Policy said partof the new money would go towards the study of a nationwide expansion oftesting. President Bushs justification for this use of this new federalmoney is the reduction of teen drug use the past two years and arguing thatdrug testing in schools were an effective part in the decrease. What Should Be Done?There are several things we can do to decrease the use of drugs amongteenagers. The first step would be the removal of mandatory drug testing atthe high school level. Mandatory drug testing has proven to be a: negativeeffect on the classroom or team, waste of valuable school financialresources, potential barrier to joining extra-curricular activities, falsepositive result could punish an innocent student. and could produce severalunintended consequences. Another reason for the removal of mandatory drugtesting at the high school level is that research has shown that the drugtesting policies have no real effect on deterring teen drug use. Money that was to be spent on drug testing should go into other meansof drug prevention such as: counselors, anti-drug campaigns or education,drug awareness programs for athletes, and training for coaches, teachers,and administrators to help with spotting potential drug abusers. Teenagersare not like pilots or military personnel that will confine to drugscreening. Teenagers rebel against authority and someone is forcing them tobe tested they will rebel against the school district. The second step to reducing teenage drug use is stricter drugpolicies at the professional level of athletics, especially in Major LeagueBaseball. Professional athletes are seen as role models for todays youth. If a teenager sees an athlete using performance enhancing drugs or steroidsto improve themselves, they may see that as a sign that those drugs arentpotentially dangerous. An example of this happened when Mark McGwire brokethe home run record and admitted to using ANDRO. Almost immediately ANDROsales rose and most of the consumers were teenagers looking to get an edgeover their competition. Finally, the third step to reducing teenage drug use is federalgovernment increase its efforts in more productive manners. Congress needto continue to pass bills that allowing funding for research of bettertechniques of finding drug abuses. Congress also needs to step in and crackdown on steroid and performance enhancing drug use. The first step is tocome up with a solid definition of performance enhancing drugs, then put inplace measures to prevent the use of them by athletes and teenagers. President Bush needs to spend the money he proposed to spend on drugtesting for more effective ways of prevention like drug education andresearch to find more reliable and less invasive way of testing for drugs. President Bush also needs to step up and address the nation on the dangersof performance enhancing drugs and steroids. The President also needs toencourage the American people to voice their opinions and force stricterdrug testing policies at the professional levels of sports. ConclusionAfter researching mandatory drug testing, it has become apparent thatmandatory drug testing in schools is an issue that needs to be addressed. It not only affects adolescents who must go through the tests, but itaffects teachers, coaches, administrators, the school district, parents,and society as a whole. Mandatory drug testing has been proven valuable inthe work place, collegiate athletics, and professional athletics. However,mandatory drug testing has proven to be a costly tool that is not effectivein a middle or high school environment. Therefore, local, state, andfederal authorities must work to ensure theses types of tests remain out ofthe school system. It is also the duty of the government to continue toeducate teenagers, both students and athletes, about the dangers of drugabuse. The government also has an obligation to continue funding researchto find new and effective ways of reducing drug abuse. Appendix AAppendix BBibliography1. Dlouhy, Jennifer. House Bill to Combat Use of New Steroid-Like DrugsAdvanced byJudiciary Panel. CQ Weekly. 816. 3 Apr. 2004. (Apr. 2004)http.//library2.cqpress.com/cqweekly/document. 2. Dunn, Andrew. SCHOOL MAY ALSO TEST FOR STEROIDS; EXPANSION OFDRUG SCREENING. The Ledger 2 Apr. 20043. Floersheim, Ryan. NCAA drug testing levels playing field. Daily LOBO9 Apr. 2004. 4. Gloster, Rob. High Schools Struggling With Steroid Use. AssociatedPress25 Mar. 2004. 5. Gloster, Rob. For many high schools, tests for steroids are toexpensive.Associated Press 25 Mar. 2004. 6. Gunja, Fatema., Alexandra Cox., Marsha Rosenbaum, PhD., and JudithAppel, JD. Making Sense of Student Drug Testing: Why Educators are Saying No. ACLU, Jan. 20047. Hatcher, Donald. Science, Ethics, and Technological Assessment. 3rd Edt. American Press, Boston, Massachusetts 2001. 8. Johnson, Alicia. NCAA Drug tests a success. District Chronicles 3 Oct. 2002. 9. Koch, Kathy. Drug Testing. CQ Researcher. 8.43. 20 Nov. 1998. (Apr. 2004)http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document. 10. Leshanski, Jonathan. Baseball Needs A Real Drug Policy. At HomePlate. 18 Nov. 2003. (Apr. 2004) http://www.athomeplate.com/drugs2.shtml. 11. Leshanski, Jonathan. MLBs Drug Problem. At Home Plate. 23 Jun. 2003. (Apr. 2004) http://www.athomeplate.com/drug.shtml. 12. Locy, Tony. High courts OKs drug testing for students. USA Today. Unknown. http://www.xpressdrugtest.com/schools.html. 13. Louria, Donald. Mandatory Drug Testing of High School Athletes:UnethicalEvaluation, Unethical Policy. American Journal of Bioethics (Winter2004): 35. 14. Luna, Erik. What is Legal Is Not Necessarily Ethical: The Limits ofLaw andDrug-Testing Programs. American Journal of Bioethics (Winter 2004):41. 15. Masci, David. Preventing Teen Drug Use. CQ Researcher.12.10 15 Mar. 2002. (Apr. 2004) http://library.cqpress.com/cqreseacher/document.html. 16. McLure, Jason. Guilty Until Proven Innocent. Newsweek. 25 Feb. 2004. (Apr. 2004) http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4375351/.html. 17. Rosenbaum, Marsha. Save Your Time and Money; Random Testing DoesntWork.Fresno Bee. 18 Mar. 2004. 18. Slater, Jim. PGA will test for unfair clubs but not for dopedplayers.Agence France Presse 6 Nov. 2003. 19. Toland, Jennifer. Test finds cheaters among college athletes.Worcester Telegram Gazette 28 Mar. 2004. 20. Associated Press. Anti-drug chief rips MLB plan. MSNBC. 2004. (Apr. 2004)http://msnbc.com/news/993326.asp?0sl=-20Monitoring the Future: a continue study of American youth. 11 Feb. 2004. The RegentsOf the University of Michigan, Ann arbor, MI 48109 (Apr 2004)http://monitoringthefuture.com.html. 21. National Institute of Drug Abuse. NIDA Community Drug Alert Bulletin AnabolicSteroids. Apr. 2000. 11 Apr 2004http://165.112.78.61/SteroidAlert/Steroidalert.html22. Oxford English Dictionary. 2004. Oxford University Press. 4 Apr. 2004http://dictionary.oed.com/Student Drug Testing: Relevant Case Law. 21 Oct. 2002. American CivilLibertiesUnion. 22 Apr. 2004. http://www.aclu.org/news/. 23. Sports Law: Drug Use in Sports. FindLaw Sports. 11 Apr. 2004http://sports.findlaw.com/sports_law/drugs/testing/.html. What the Experts Say on Student Drug Testing. 15 Mar. 2002. AmericanCivilLiberties Union. 22 Apr. 2004. http://www.aclu.org/news/. Why Parents and Other Adults Should Care About Drug Testing: SomeQuestions andAnswers. Drug Policy Alliance. 22 Apr. 2004. http://drugtestingfails.org/faq.html. 24. Win Without Steroids. About The Sport. 9 Apr. 2004http://www.usafootball.com/aboutthesport/steroids.html. 25. United States Congress. A Bill. 11 Apr. 2004http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?c108:8:./temp/~c1080u12AZ::.html.